當表皮內的LPS脂多醣活化調節T (Treg) 細胞，能抑制嗜中性球的發炎作用，即弱化嗜中性球所產生的 IL-6 ，同時增強抗發炎細胞因子 IL-10 (*3)；而活化的 Treg 細胞也會減少嗜中性球產生的活性氧 (*4)。在表皮的 T 細胞中， LPS脂多醣不會參與到有發炎作用的T 細胞 (*5)。
表皮的LPS脂多醣具有改善皮膚粗糙、減輕發炎的效用
(*1) Nitric oxide function in the skin, Nitrc Oxide 10: 179-193 (2004) (*2) Differential Expression and Function of Toll-like Receptors in Langerhans Cells: Comparison with Splenic Dendritic Cells, J Invest Dermatol 122: 95 -102 (2004), Fig4 (*3) Apoptotic epithelial cells control the abundance of Treg cells at barrier surfaces, Nature Immunobiology 218: 455-464 (2016), Fig.2, 3 (*4) Lipopolysaccharide-Activated CD4+CD25+T Regulatory Cells Inhibit Neutrophil Function and Promote Their Apoptosis and Death, J Immunol 177: 7155-7163 (2006), Fig.3 (*5) Regulatory T Cells Selectively Express Toll-like Receptors and Are Activated by Lipopolysaccharide, J. Exp Med. 197: 403-411 (2003) Fig.1
